What is the name of the elastic, bony cage that serves as a protective framework for the heart and lungs?

The bony cage that provides a protective framework for the heart and lungs is called the thorax. This region is specifically designed to protect these vital organs while also allowing for their expansion and contraction, particularly during the breathing process. The thorax includes the ribs, the sternum (breastbone), and the thoracic vertebrae, which together create a sturdy yet flexible structure.

In contrast, the cranium protects the brain, the pelvis supports the lower body and contains reproductive organs, and the scapula is a bone in the shoulder region that aids in arm movement. Each of these bony structures has its unique function and is not involved in the protective support of the heart and lungs like the thorax.