What system is responsible for controlling involuntary physiological processes in the body?

The autonomic nervous system is the correct answer because it specifically regulates involuntary physiological processes that occur in the body, such as heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, and digestive functions. This system operates without conscious control, enabling the body to maintain homeostasis and respond automatically to changes in the environment.

In contrast, the central nervous system, which includes the brain and spinal cord, is mainly responsible for processing information and coordinating responses. While it plays a critical role in voluntary movements and sensory processing, it doesn't solely manage involuntary functions.

The endocrine system is responsible for hormone secretion and regulating various bodily functions through chemical signals, influencing processes like growth, metabolism, and mood. However, it operates at a different level of physiological regulation than the autonomic nervous system.

The peripheral nervous system serves as a communication network between the central nervous system and the rest of the body. It includes sensory and motor pathways but does not specifically govern involuntary physiological processes, which is the primary function of the autonomic nervous system.