Which electrode is typically marked with a minus sign (-)?

The electrode typically marked with a minus sign is the cathode. In electrotherapy and various electrical treatments, the cathode is the negative electrode. It has a critical role in many skin care and dermatological procedures, as it is associated with the reduction of positive ions and an increase in the flow of electrons, which can promote healing and skin rejuvenation.

The significance of the cathode being marked with a minus sign reflects its function in the electrochemical process where it attracts cations (positively charged ions) during electrolysis. This is fundamental in treatments such as iontophoresis, where substances are introduced into the skin via electrical currents. Understanding the properties of the cathode helps practitioners to effectively apply various modalities in skin treatments and therapies, ultimately enhancing patient outcomes.